Department of Remarkable Coincidences

On the day that QS published their top 50 under-50 universities, Times Higher Education has announced that it will be holding a Young Universities Summit in Miami in April at which the top 100 universities under 50 will be revealed.

Also, the summit will see "a consultative discussion on proposed new rankings metrics designed to better capture innovation in innovation and knowledge transfer in world rankings in the future."

Innovation?  What could that mean? Maybe counting patents.

Knowledge transfer? Could this mean doing something about the citations indicator? Has someone at THE seen who contributed to multi-author massively cited publications in 2012?

on proposed new rankings metrics designed to better capture innovation and knowledge transfer in world rankings in the future.on proposed new rankings metrics designed to better capture innovation and knowledge transfer in world rankings in the future.

a consultative discussion on proposed new rankings metrics designed to better capture innovation and knowledge transfer in world rankings in the future.a consultative discussion on proposed new rankings metrics designed to better capture innovation and knowledge transfer in world rankings in the future.

ll also host a consultative discussion on proposed new rankings metrics designed to better capture innovation and knowledge transfer in world rankings in the fu

QS Young Universities Rankings

QS have produced a ranking of universities founded in the last fifty years. It is based on data collected for last year's World University Rankings.

The top five are:

1.  Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
2.  Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
3.  Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
4.  City University of Hong Kong
5.  Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea

There are no universities from Russia or Mainland China on the list although there is one from Taiwan and another from Kazakhstan.

There are nine Australian universities in the top fifty.

The 25 Most International Universities

Times Higher Education has produced a succession of spin-offs from their World University Rankings: rankings of Asian universities, young universities and emerging economies universities, reputation rankings, a gender index.

Now there is a list of the world's most international universities, based on the international outlook indicator in the world rankings. This comprises data on international students, international faculty and international research collaboration.

The top five are:

1.   Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
2=  Swiss Federal Institute of technology Zurich
2=  University of Geneva
4.   National University of Singapore
5.   Royal Holloway, University of London
.

A bright idea from India

Has someone in India been reading this blog?


In a previous post I suggested that universities might improve their scores in the world rankings by merging. That would help in the QS and THE reputation surveys and the publications indicator in the Shanghai rankings.


If he is being reported correctly, Indian education minister Ashok Thakur proposes to go a step further and suggests that all the Indian Institutes of Technology should be assessed together by the international rankers, although presumably continuing to function separately in other respects. According to outlookindia:

"All the 13 IITs may compete as a single unit at the global level for a place among the best in the global ranking list.

Giving an indication in this regard, Higher Education Secretary Ashok Thakur said the idea is to position the IITs as a single unit much like the IIT brand which has become an entity in itself for finding a place among the top three best institutes the world-over.

International ranking agencies such as Times Higher Education and QS World University Ranking would be informed accordingly, he said.

Central universities and other institutes could follow on how the IITs position themselves in the ranking list, he said."

Both QS and THE seem eager to do business in India but this is surely a non-starter. Apart from anything else, it could be followed by all the University of California and other US state university campuses, branches of the National University of Ireland and the Indian Institutes of Science and Management coming together for ranking purposes.


Also, the Secretary should consider that if any IIT  follows the lead of Panjab University and joins the Hadron Collider Project or any other multi-contributor, multi-citation project, any gain in the THE citations indicator would be lost if it had to be shared with the other 12 institutes.

Explain Please

I have often noticed that some university administrators and educational bureaucrats are clueless about international university rankings, even when their careers depend on a good performance.


The Economic Times of India reports that the Higher Education Secretary in the Human Resource Development Ministry, Ashok Thakur, said "institutions could improve their scores dramatically in Times Higher Education's globally cited World University Rankings as the British magazine has agreed to develop and include India-specific parameters for assessment from the next time."


This sounds like THE is going to insert a new indicator just for India in their world rankings, which is unbelievable. The Hindu puts it a little differently, suggesting that THE is preparing a separate ranking of Indian universities:
 .
"Times Higher Education (THE) — recognised world over for its ranking of higher education institutions — has agreed to draw up an India-specific indicator that would act as a parameter for global education stakeholders and international students to judge Indian educational institutions.

This was disclosed by Higher Education Secretary in the Union Human Resource Development Ministry Ashok Thakur."

It would be interesting to find out what the minister actually said and what, if anything, THE has agreed to.

Ranking News

06/01/14


The latest Times Higher Education international reputation rankings, based on data collected for last year's World University Rankings,  will be announced in Tokyo on March 6th.


The number of responses was 10,536 in 2013, down from 16,639  in 2012 and 17,554 in 2011


Why is the number of responses falling?


Is the decline linked with changes in the scores for the teaching and research indicators criteria, both of which include indicators based on the survey?

Twenty Ways to Rise in the Rankings Quickly and Fairly Painlessly

Times Higher Education has just republished an article by Amanda Goodall, ‘Top 20 ways to improve your world university ranking’.  Much of her advice is very sensible -- appointing university leaders with a strong research record, for example -- but in most cases the road from her suggestions to a perceptible improvement in the rankings is likely to be winding and very long. It is unlikely that any of her proposals would have much effect on the rankings in less than a decade or even two.

So here are 20 realistic proposals for a university wishing to join the rankings game.

Before starting, any advice about how a university can rise in the rankings should be based on these principles.

·         Rankings are proliferating and no doubt there will be more in the future. There is something for almost anybody if you look carefully enough.

·         The indicators and methodology of the better known rankings are very different. Something that works with one may not work with another. It might even have a negative effect.

·         There is often a price to pay for getting ahead in the rankings. Everybody should consider whether it is worth it. Also, while rising from 300th place to 250th is quite easy, going from 30th to 25th is another matter.

·         Don’t forget the number on the bottom. It might be easier to reduce the number of academic staff than to increase the number of citations or publications.

 ·         Rankings are at best an approximation to what universities do. Nobody should get too excited about them.

The top 20 ways in which universities can quickly improve their positions in one or more of the international university rankings are:

 1.  Get rid of students

Over the years many universities acquire a collection of branch campuses, general studies programmes, night schools, pre-degree programmes and so on. Set them free to become independent universities or colleges. Almost always, these places have relatively more students and relatively fewer faculty than the main campus. The university will therefore do better in the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) and Times Higher Education (THE) faculty student ratio indicators.  Also, staff in the spun off branches and schools generally produce less research than those at the main campus so you will get a boost in the productivity per capita indicator in the Shanghai ARWU rankings.

2.  Kick out the old and bring in the young

Get rid of ageing professors, especially if unproductive and expensive, and hire lots of indentured servants adjunct and temporary teachers and researchers. Again, this will improve the university’s performance on the THE and QS faculty student ratio indicators. They will not count as senior faculty so this will be helpful for ARWU.

3.  Hire research assistants

Recruiting slave labour cheap or unpaid research assistants (unemployed or unemployable graduate interns?) will boost the score for faculty student ratio in the QS rankings, since QS counts research-only staff for their faculty student indicator. It will not, however, work for the THE rankings.  Remember that for QS more faculty are good for faculty student ratio but bad for citations per faculty so you have to analyse the potential trade off carefully.

4.  Think about an exit option

If an emerging university wants to be included in the rankings it might be better to focus on just one of them.  Panjab University is doing very well in the THE rankings but does not appear in the QS rankings. But remember that if you apply to be ranked by THE and you do not like your placing then it is always possible to opt out by not submitting data next year. But QS has a Hotel California policy: once in, you can check out but you can never leave. It does not matter how much you complain about the unique qualities of your institution and how they are neglected by the rankers, QS will go on ranking you whether you like it.

5. Get a medical school

 If you do not have a medical school or a research and/or teaching hospital then get one from somewhere. Merge with an existing one or start your own. If you have one, get another one. Medical research produces a disproportionate number of papers and citations which is good for the QS citations per faculty indicator and the ARWU publications indicator. Remember this strategy may not help so much with THE who use field normalisation. Those citations of medical research will help there only if they above the world average for field and year.

Update August 2016: QS now have a moderate form of field normalisation so the advantage of a medical school is reduced but the Shanghai rankings are still biased towards medical research.

6. But if you are a medical school, diversify

QS and THE supposedly do not include single subject institutions in their general rankings, although from time to time one will, like the University of California at San Francisco, Aston Business School or (National Research Nuclear University) Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), slip through.  If you are an independent medical or single subject institution consider adding one or two more subjects then QS and THE will count you although you will probably  start sliding down the ARWU table.

Update August 2016: the QS BRICS rankings include some Russian institutions that look like they focus on one field and National Research Nuclear University MePhI is back in the THE world rankings.

7. Amalgamate

The Shanghai rankings count the total number of publications in the SCI and SSCI, the total number of highly cited researchers and the total number of papers without regard for the number of researchers. THE and QS count the number of votes in their surveys without considering the number of alumni.

What about a new mega university formed by merging LSE, University College London and Imperial College? Or a tres grande ecole from all those little grandes ecoles around Paris?

Update August 2016: This is pretty much what the University of Paris-Saclay is doing.

8. Consider the weighting of the rankings

THE gives a 30 % weighting to citations and 2.5% to income from industry. QS gives 40 % to its academic survey and 5 % to international faculty. So think about where you are going to spend your money.

9.  The wisdom of crowds

Focus on research projects in those fields that have huge multi - “author”  publications, particle physics, astronomy and medicine for example.  Such publications often have very large numbers of citations. Even if your researchers make a one in two thousandth contribution Thomson Reuters, THE’s data collector, will give them the same credit as they would get if they were the only authors. This will not work for the Leiden Ranking which uses fractionalised counting of citations. Note that this strategy works best when combined with number 10.

Update August 2016: THE methodological changes in 2015 mean that this does not work any more. Look at what happened to Middle East Technical University. But it is still worth looking out for projects with dozens or scores of contributors. 

10.  Do not produce too much

You need to produce 200 papers a year to be included in the THE rankings. But producing more papers than this might be counterproductive. If your researchers are producing five thousand papers a year then those five hundred citations from a five hundred “author” report on the latest discovery in particle physics will not have much impact. But if you are publishing three hundred papers a year those citations will make a very big difference. This is why Dr El Naschie’s frequently cited papers in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals were a big boost for Alexandria University but not for Cambridge, Surrey, Cornell and Frankfurt universities with whom he also claimed affiliation. However, Leiden will not rank universities until they reach 500 papers a year.

Update August 2016: See number 9.

11.  Moneyball Strategy

In his book Moneyball, Michael Lewis recounted the ascent of the Oakland As baseball team through a strategy of buying undervalued players. The idea was to find players who did things that led to their teams winning even if they did not match the stereotype of a talented player.

This strategy was applied by George Mason University in Virginia who created a top basketball team by recruiting players who were overlooked by scouts because they were too small or too fat and a top economics department by recruiting advocates of a market economy at a time when such an idea was unfashionable.

Universities could recruit researchers who are prolific and competent but are unpromotable or unemployable because they are in the wrong group or fail to subscribe enthusiastically to current academic orthodoxies. Maybe start with Mark Regnerus and Jason Richwine.

Update August 2016: See the story of Tim Groseclose's move from UCLA to George Mason

12. Expand doctoral programmes

One indicator in the THE world rankings is the ratio of doctoral to bachelor degree students.

Panjab University recently announced that they will introduce integrated masters and doctors programmes. This could be a smart move if it means students no longer go into master’s programmes but instead into something that can be counted as a doctoral degree program.

13.  The importance of names

Make sure that your researchers know which university they are affiliated to and that they know its correct name. Make sure that branch campuses, research institutes and other autonomous or quasi- autonomous groups incorporate the university name in their publications. Keep an eye on Scopus and ISI and make sure they know what you are called. Be especially careful if you are an American state university.

14.   Evaluate staff according to criteria relevant to the rankings

If staff are to be appointed and promoted according to their collegiality,  the enthusiasm with which they take part in ISO exercises,  community service, ability to make the faculty a pleasant place for everybody  or commitment to diversity then you will get collegial, enthusiastic etc faculty. But those are things that the rankers do not – for once with good reason – attempt to measure.

While you are about it get rid of interviews for staff and students. Predictive validity ranges from zero to low

15.  Collaborate

The more authors a paper has the more likely it is to be cited, even if it is only self-citation.  Also, the more collaborators you have the greater the chances of a good score in the reputation surveys. And do not forget the percentage of collaborators who are international is also an indicator in the THE rankings

16. Rebrand

It would be good to have names that are as distinctive and memorable as possible. Consider a name change. Do you really think that the average scientist filling out the QS or the THE reputation surveys is going to remember which of the sixteen (?) Indian Institutes of Technology is especially good in engineering.

Update August 2016: But not too memorable. I doubt that Lovely Professional University will get the sort of public interest it is hoping for.

17. Be proactive

Rankings are changing all the time so think about indicators that might be introduced in the near future. It would seem quite easy, for example, for rankers to collect data about patent applications.

Update August 2016: Make sure everyone keeps their Google Scholar Citations Profiles up to date.

18. Support your local independence movement

It has been known for a long time that increasing the number of international students and faculty is good for both the THE and QS rankings. But there are drawbacks to just importing students. If it is difficult to move students across borders why not create new borders?

If Scotland votes for independence in next year’s referendum its scores for international students and international faculty in the QS and THE rankings would go up since English and Welsh students and staff would be counted as international.

Update August 2016: Scotland didn't but there may be another chance. 

19. Accept that some things will never work

Realise that there are some things that are quite pointless from a rankings perspective. Or any other for that matter.  Do not bother telling staff and students to click away at the website to get into Webometrics. Believe it or not, there are precautions against that sort of thing. Do not have motivational weekends. Do not have quality initiatives unless they get rid of the cats.

Update August 2016: That should read do not do anything "motivational". The only thing they motivate is the departure of people with other options.

20.  Get Thee to an Island

Leiden Ranking has a little known ranking that measures the distance between collaborators. At the moment the first place goes to the Australian National University. Move to Easter Island or the Falklands and you will be top for something.

The QS BRICS Rankings

Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), in partnership with  Interfax, the Russian news agency, have just published their BRICS [Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa] University Rankings. The top ten are:

1.   Peking University
2.   Tsinghua University
3.   Lomonosov Moscow State University
4.   Fudan University
5.   Nanjing University
6=  University of Science and Technology China
6=  Shanghai Jiao Tong University
8.   Universidade de Sao Paulo
9.   Zhejiang University
10.  Universidade Estadual de Campinas

The highest ranked Indian university is the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in thirteenth place and the top South African institution is the University of Cape Town which is eleventh.

The methodology is rather different from the QS World University Rankings. The weighting for the academic survey has been reduced to 30% and that for the employer survey has gone up to 20%. Faculty student ratio accounts for 20% as it does in the world rankings, staff with PhDs for 10%, papers per faculty for 10%, citations per paper for 5% and international faculty and students for 5%.

There are some noticeable differences between these rankings and the BRICS and emerging countries rankings produced by Times Higher Education and Thomson Reuters.    

Moscow State University is ahead of the University of Cape Town in the QS rankings but well behind in the THE rankings.

In the QS rankings the Indian Institutes of Technology are supreme among Indian institutions. There are seven before the University of Calcutta appears in 52nd place. In the THE rankings the best Indian performer was Panjab University, which is absent from the QS rankings.

I suspect that Panjab University is an example of rankings shopping, where universities target one specific ranking, and that there is a very smart person directing its ranking strategy. Panjab University has invested money in participation in  the Hadron Collider project, exactly where it would profit from TR's field normalised citations indicator, while the number of publications did not rise excessively. Recently the university has proposed to establish integrated master's and doctoral programs, good for two TR  indicators and to increase research collaboration, good for another.

The Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute, which was removed from the THE world rankings this year year because it was a single subject institution, is in 65th place in this table.

Africa Excels in Latest THE Rankings, China Performs Poorly

It is unlikely that you will see a headline like this in the mainstream media. Experts and analysts have focused almost exclusively on the number of universities in the top 10 or the top 50 or the top 100 of the Times Higher Education (THE) BRICS and Emerging Economies Rankings (BRICSEE) -- powered, in case anyone has forgotten, by Thomson Reuters -- and concluded that China is the undisputed champion of the world.

Looking at the number of  universities in the BRICSEE rankings compared  to population -- as in the previous post -- gives a different picture with China still ahead of Russia, India and Brazil but not so much.

Another way of analysing a country's higher education  system is by looking at the proportion of  universities that achieve "world class" status.

Assuming -- a big assumption I agree -- that getting into the BRICSEE top 100 is a measure of world class quality, then the percentage of a country's universities that are world class might  be considered a guide to the overall quality of the higher education system.

Here is a ranking of the BRICS and emerging countries according to the percentage of universities in the THE BRICSEE  top 100.

The total number of universities is in brackets and is derived from Webometrics.

First place goes  to South Africa. Egypt is third. Even Morocco does better than Russia and Brazil. China does not do very well although it is still quite a bit ahead of India, Russia and Brazil. Taiwan remains well ahead of Mainland China.

Of course, this should not be taken too seriously. It is probably a lot harder to start a university in Taiwan than it is in Brazil or India. South Africa has a large number of professional schools and private colleges that are not counted by Webometrics that may be of a similar standard to universities in other countries.

Some of the high fliers might find that their positions are precarious. Egypt's third university in the BRICSEE rankings is  Alexandria which is still reaping the benefits from Dr El Naschies' much cited papers in 2007 and 2008 but that will not last long. The UAE's role as an international higher education hub may not survive a fall in the price of oil.


1.     South Africa (25)     20.00%
2.     Taiwan (157)     13.38%
3.     Egypt (59)     5.08%
4.     Turkey (164)      4.27%
5=    UAE (50)     4.00%
5=    Hungary (75)     4.00%
7.    Czech Republic (82)     3.66%
8.    Thailand (188)    2.66%
9.    Chile (78)     2.56%
10.   Malaysia  (91)     2.20%
11.   China (1164)     1.98%
12.   Poland (440)     0.91%
13.   India (1604)     0.62%
14.   Morocco (212)     0.47%
15.   Colombia  (285) 0.35%
16.   Brazil  (1662)    0.24%
17.   Mexico  (898)     0.22%
18.   Russia  (1188)     0.17%
19=   Indonesia  (358)     0%
19=   Philippines (265)  0%
19=   Pakistan  (300)  0%
19=   Peru (92)     0%

The THE BRICS and Emerging Markets Rankings: Good News for China?

Times Higher Education (THE) has just published its BRICS and Emerging Economies Rankings. The methodology is the same as that used in their World University Rankings and the data was supplied by Thomson Reuters. Emerging economies are those listed in the FTSE Emerging Markets Indices.

At first sight, China appears to do very well with Peking University in first place and Tsinghua University in second and a total of  23 universities in the top 100.

Third place goes to the University of Cape Town while Taiwan National University is fourth and Bogazici University in Turkey is fifth.

Taiwan has 21 universities in the Top 100, India 10, Turkey 7 and South Africa and Thailand 5 each.

Although China tops the list of "hot emergent properties", as THE puts it, and Simon Marginson compares the PRC favourably to Russia which is "in the doldrums", we should remember that China does have a large population. When we look at population size, China's achievement shrinks considerably while Taiwan emerges as the undisputed winner, Eastern Europe does very well and the gap between Russia and China is drastically reduced.

The following is the number of universities in the the BRICS and Emerging Economies University Rankings per 1,000,000  population (Economist Pocket World in figures 2010) The total number of universities in the rankings is in brackets.

1.    Taiwan (21)   0.913
2.     United Arab Emirates (2)   0.400
3=    Czech Republic (3)  0.300
3=    Hungary   (3)   0.300
5.     Chile (2)   0.118
6.     South Africa (5)   0.114
7.     Poland (4)   0.102
8.     Turkey (7)   0.093
9=     Malaysia (2)   0.077
9=    Thailand (5)   0.077
11.    Egypt (3)   0.039
12.    Morocco (1)   0.0031
13.    Brazil (4)   0.021
14.   Colombia (1)   0.021
15.   Mexico (2)   0.018
16.   China (23)   0.017
17.    Russia (2)   0.014
18.    India (10)   0.008
19=   Indonesia (0)   0.000
19=   Pakistan (0)   0.000
19=   Peru   (0)   0.000
19=   Philippines   (0)   0.000


It is very significant that the top two universities in these rankings are in China.  But, taking population size into consideration, it looks as though Mainland China is still way behind Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong and even the smaller nations of Eastern Europe.

Mysteries of the Rankings

One of the problems with interpreting the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings is that some of the indicators are bundled together with others so that is very difficulty to work out exactly what happens from one year to the next.

One group of indicators, International Outlook: People, Research, includes the ratio of international to domestic staff, the ratio of international to domestic students and the proportion of papers with an international co-author.

Research: Volume, Income, Reputation includes the results of a reputation survey, research income, which is scaled against staff numbers and normalised for purchasing power parity and the number of papers per staff.

Teaching: the Learning Environment is based on five indicators: the academic reputation survey,  staff student ratio, the ratio of doctoral to bachelor's degrees, the number of doctorates divided by the number of academic staff and institutional income scaled against academic staff numbers.

This means that if a university enjoys a rise or suffers a fall for the international, teaching or research indicators it is impossible to see exactly what was the cause.

If, for example, the score for teaching for a given university increased it could result from one or more of the following:

• a rise in the number of votes received in the academic survey
• an increase in the number of teaching staff
• a fall in the number of students
• an increase in the number of doctoral degrees awarded
• a fall in the number of bachelor degrees awarded
• an increase in institutional income.

The published scores for the indicator groups do not represent raw data. They are z scores and therefore can change if the mean scores for all ranked universities change. So, a rise in the teaching indicators score might also result from one or more of the following, which could contribute to lowering the mean score from which the university z scores are calculated:

• a fall in the mean number of votes for ranked universities in the academic survey
• a reduction in the mean number of teaching staff at ranked universities
• an increase in the mean number of students at ranked universities
• a fall in the mean number of doctoral degrees awarded ranked universities
• an increase in the mean number of bachelor degrees awarded at ranked universities
• a fall in the mean institutional income of ranked universities.

Unless THE and TR disaggregate their data interpreting their results is going to be very problematical. It would also be unwise to judge the impact of changes in public or university policies by looking at changes in the rankings.

An example is the University of Hong Kong (UHK). Between 2012 and 2013 it fell from 35th to 43rd place in the THE world rankings, its overall score falling from 75 .6 to 65.5. There were slight falls for citations from 62.1 to 61.5 and international outlook from 81.7 to 80.3 and a somewhat larger fall for income from industry from 62.5 to 56.9. There were very large falls for the combined teaching indicators, from 78.4 to 61.6, and the research  indicators, from 85.9 to 69.9.

THE may be on to something. UHK has slipped in the QS and Shanghai rankings as well.  But exactly what they are on to is not clear.

At the recent World Class Universities conference in Shanghai, Gerard Postiglione referred to suggestions that the fall in the position of UHK and other Hong Kong research universities in the THE  rankings may have resulted from a conflict between indigenous and international leadership, difficulties in attracting funding from industry and the transition from a British-style 3 year degree programme to a 4 year American style programme.

It is difficult to see how the change from a three year  to a four year system would have a direct effect. Such a change could impact the THE rankings by increasing the number of undergraduate students compared to doctoral candidates or compared to faculty but this change began to come into effect in 2012 whereas the date in the 2013 rankings refers to 2011. It is possible though that arguments about the impending switch might have had an effect  on the reputation survey but unless THE and TR publish separate data for all their indicators it is not possible to be certain about the causes for the decline of Hong Kong universities. .

BRICS PLUS

We heard recently that QS will be having a BRICS ranking (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa).

Now, Times Higher Education has announced its intention to produce BRICS and Emerging Economies Rankings in early December.

The emerging economies will include "South Africa, Czech Republic, Hungary, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines and UAE." 

It seems that THE will be using the same methodology as the World University Rankings.

Watching the Rankings: Print Edition

The print edition of Watching the Rankings, a collection of articles and posts on university rankings and other topics is available HERE .

The Kindle edition is available HERE.  

Another Ranking on the Way

Just when you thought there was no more space left for a new ranking, there was this story in University World News:

"The Russian government is behind the world’s first university ranking for the BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. UK-based QS Quacquarelli Symonds will produce the pilot BRICS ranking in December.

Last Wednesday QS announced that it had been appointed by the Interfax Group, a leading information provider in Russia and Eurasian nations, to produce a ranking of the BRICS countries, to be called the 'QS University Rankings: BRICS'.

The British company said the ranking had “received support from ministries of education and higher education around the world”.

After Russian President Vladimir Putin announced last year that a goal was to have at least five Russian universities in the top 100 in global university rankings by 2020, the Ministry of Education sprang into action that included using rankings as a measure of progress.

According to Wednesday’s statement, Interfax was selected out of five bidders to launch two pilot rankings. The first will include universities in Commonwealth of Independent States countries – formerly within the Soviet Union – and the second will rank BRICS universities."

Actually, it is not really new. Webometrics has a BRICS ranking, with one Russian, one Brazilian and eight Chinese universities in the top ten. It will be interesting to see if QS can produce a better performance for Russia.

QS goes to Oman.

It seems that QS and THE have been quite busy lately, seeking "engagement" with various countries. QS was in Oman in September. The report contains an interesting insight into how methodological issues can lead to a university falling or rising in the rankings through no fault or merit of its own.


"A few days after the seminar, the global launch of the QS World University Rankings 2013/14 was held in Turkey, Istanbul, during which it was revealed that Sultan Qaboos University had dropped in its rankings this year too. In an exclusive statement, the head of QS Intelligence Unit, Ben Sowter, observed that most institutions in the Middle East featured in the QS World University Rankings 2013/14 have dropped in rank this year.

'Scores for academic reputation and research citations have declined across the region this year, which has caused most institutions to lose ground on the international competition,” Sowter said about the Middle East’s drop in rankings. Sowter further added that “having said that, there were over 100 new universities added to the list this year; and many of the institutions worldwide already in the rankings have noticeably improved in academic reputation. This has led to some universities, such as Sultan Qaboos University in Oman, showing a drop in ranking, even though their score may have improved relative to last year.”

Commenting on the drop of Sultan Qaboos University, he said “Sultan Qaboos University was first featured in 2011. We were initially unsuccessful in reaching anyone at SQU in order to file official numbers; hence figures that were available at the time on the university website were taken for the faculty and student numbers. However, it seems that the number used for academic staff was actually the total number of staff, thus inflating the faculty/student ration of SQU resulting in a higher ranking.

This was corrected by an official submission in 2012 by the administration at SQU. Since the position published in 2011 was unnaturally high, the drops in 2012 and 2013 have been largely corrective, rather than reflecting deterioration in SQU’s actual performance.” He added that “Analysis of our results over time reveal that institutions in general are producing more research, attracting more international research and doing a better job of communicating their achievements to the world at large. Increasingly, institutions need to exhibit continuous improvement just to maintain the same position, and a drop in overall ranking may not signify an objective deterioration in performance. Such may be the case for SQU.” '

THE Criticised by its Own Adviser

Simon Marginson has been a critic of the QS university rankings for some time. Now, he has finally added the Times Higher Education rankings to the list.

According to the Australian:

"What we should collectively do, in my view, is start to critique and discredit the bad social science at the base of multi-indicator rankings," he said. "We are universities; it is not hard for us to say what is good science and what is bad. We need to push at bad ranking methods or at least weaken their legitimacy." He told the Canberra meeting that threats by QS to sue him, and the predilection of governments to use rankings as a proxy for quality, made speaking out even more important. He said the results of questionable rankings "slide in all directions" from year to year because they mix survey and objective data, and adjust arbitrary weightings. "The link back to the real world is over-determined by indicator selection, weightings, poor survey returns and ignorant respondents, scaling decisions and surface fluctuation that is driven by small changes between almost equally ranked universities," he said. "The rankers shape the table, not the real state of the sector - or not enough. There is scope for manipulation in conversations between the universities and the rankers." Professor Marginson, who has been a vocal opponent of survey-based rankings for years, sits on the advisory board of the THE. While that ranking was superior to QS, it was still fatally flawed once outside the top 50 universities, he said.

The Rise of Pseudoscience

In the midst of celebrating its rise to glory in the Times Higher Education World Education, Panjab University have taken the time to hold a meeting and what has "India's Top University" done?

It has agreed to give affiliation to the Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital in Sector 26.

PU is not alone. The appeasement of pseudoscience is becoming increasingly widespread. In Malaysia the Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences is offering a degree in homeopathy, apparently approved by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency. Meanwhile, the British Health Secretary is a true believer in homeopathy. No doubt the Ministry of Defence will be appointing generals who believe in complementary warfare like archery -- after all, it worked wonders at Agincourt.

E-book on Rankings

I am publishing an e-book on rankings consisting of articles previously published in University World News, the Philippine Daily Inquirer and the Asian Journal of University Education plus a selection of posts from this blog. Go to http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FU8RFCS  to view or purchase the kindle edition.

The Best University in India

No, it is not one of the IITs. Or even Delhi or Calcutta.

It is Panjab University, which has come from nowhere to seize the 245th place.

NDTV thinks that it is something to do with a meeting last May.

"The increased representation for India in the rankings has been attributed to a two-day National Policy Dialogue in May on international rankings, when representatives of Times Higher Education were invited to meet with senior university leaders by India's Ministry of Human Resources Development and Planning Commission."

Someone at the MHRD thinks it is all about presenting the data to Thomson Reuters.

'“It is not that Panjab university has done significantly very well this year. The way we see it is that, they may have been able to present their data and information in a better and convincing way. The vice-chancellor himself is a researcher and he may have taken the effort to logically present the data," said a senior MHRD official.'

Phil Baty of THE is more helpful.

"Panjab University has done well in citation impact with good scores indicating that its academics are producing research which is widely used and valued by the academic community around the world as per Phil Baty, editor, Times Higher Education World University Rankings. He said that Panjab University though has not fared well on the research front. According to him, Indian Institutes have done well this year"

This is what actually happened. Panjab University performed poorly for Teaching, International Outlook and Industry Income - Innovation. It performed very poorly for Research with a score of 14 but "brilliantly" for Citations with a score of 84.7.

Panjab University's citations score is very largely due to its participation in the Large Hadron Collider project, which involves more than 2000 physicists in more than 150 research centers and 37 countries. Below is the list of physicists. Somewhere in there is someone from Panjab University. The publications related to the project are widely cited. For most universities this brings little benefit since the citations are spread out over many publications. PU, however, has a relatively limited research output so those citations lead to a very high mean citations per paper (normalised for field and year) and thus to a very high score, after adding in the regional modification.

So if Indian universities want to do well in the Rankings this is one way. Don't do too much research and get on the LHC project or something similar.

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